---
title: Do hormones respond differently in women with PMDD? | Niyora
description: Two hormones (AVP and OT) increased similarly after an injection in women with and without PMDD, with no difference between groups or across menstrual cycle p
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/a-doubleblind-trial-of-evening-primrose-oil-in-the-premenstrual-syndrome-nervous-1988/
---

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- Do hormones respond differently in women with PMDD?

Randomised trial, 1988

# Do hormones respond differently in women with PMDD?

Two hormones (AVP and OT) increased similarly after an injection in women with and without PMDD, with no difference between groups or across menstrual cycle phases. This is a very small preliminary study.

 Early or limited evidence

Women with PMDD and healthy control women

## What they did

Researchers gave women with PMDD and control women an injection of CCK-4 and measured their levels of two hormones (AVP and OT) during different phases of the menstrual cycle.

## What they found

Both hormones increased after the injection similarly in women with PMDD and controls. The menstrual cycle phase did not affect the hormone response.

## What it means for you

Hormones responded the same way in women with and without PMDD. The hormones may play a role in anxiety responses. Findings are preliminary because the sample size is extremely small.

4

total women studied

## About the study

Original title A double‐blind trial of evening primrose oil in the premenstrual syndrome: Nervous symptom subgroup Authors Kay Callender, Molly McGregor, P F Kirk et al. Journal Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental Year 1988 Study design Randomised trial Participants 12 What was tested Injection of CCK-4 Read the paper [doi.org/10.1002/hup.470030110](https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.470030110)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Evening primrose oil](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-evening-primrose/)

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Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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