--- title: How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? description: A clear connection was found between how women view menstruation and their premenstrual symptoms. Women who saw menstruation as weakening them physically and url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/a-study-on-premenstrual-syndrome-and-menstrual-attitude-2001/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? Survey study, 2001 # How does a woman's attitude toward menstruation relate to her premenstrual symptoms? A clear connection was found between how women view menstruation and their premenstrual symptoms. Women who saw menstruation as weakening them physically and emotionally experienced more premenstrual symptoms. Early or limited evidence 268 female college students in South Korea ## What they did Cross-sectional study of 268 female college students in South Korea from March to July 2001. Researchers measured premenstrual symptoms and attitudes toward menstruation using two questionnaires. ## What they found All 268 students reported at least one premenstrual symptom. The most common were fatigue, bloating, backache and muscle stiffness. The mean symptom score was 1.89. Women experienced more negative symptoms than positive ones. There was a clear connection between how women viewed menstruation and their symptom severity. Women who believed menstruation weakened them physically and emotionally had the strongest link to more severe premenstrual symptoms. ## What it means for you How a woman thinks and feels about menstruation appears connected to how much she experiences premenstrual symptoms. This suggests that thoughts and attitudes may play a role in symptom severity. The main limitation is that this shows only a connection, not proof that attitudes cause symptoms, and was only studied in South Korea. 268 female students 1.89 mean symptom score ## About the study Original title A Study on Premenstrual syndrome and Menstrual Attitude Authors Kyung Eun Park, Seoung Eun Lee Journal Korean journal of women health nursing/Yeoseong geon'gang ganho hag'hoeji/Yeoseong geon-gang ganho hakoeji Year 2001 Study design Survey study What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2001.7.3.359](https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2001.7.3.359) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Fatigue and energy](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-fatigue/)[Bloating, breast tenderness and physical symptoms](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-physical-symptoms/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2020 What are the most common PMS symptoms and how much do they disrupt daily life? Survey study, 2019 What are the best ways to manage PMS? Systematic review, 2021 Does damask rose help reduce menstrual pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating? Survey study, 2023 What factors make premenstrual syndrome worse in nursing students? Survey study, 2011 How common is PMS in working women, and do they know about it? Survey study, 2006 What menstrual problems do adolescent girls experience? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗