---
title: What is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical students?
description: In this study, PMDD was more common in students who had painful periods or drank caffeinated beverages, but this was an observational study so it cannot prove
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/associated-factors-with-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-among-undergraduate-2024/
---

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- What is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical students?

Survey study, 2024

# What is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical students?

In this study, PMDD was more common in students who had painful periods or drank caffeinated beverages, but this was an observational study so it cannot prove these things cause PMDD.

 Early or limited evidence

Unmarried female undergraduate medical students at a teaching hospital in Nepal

## What they did

Researchers surveyed unmarried female medical students across all four years at a teaching hospital in Nepal, between June and July 2023. Students answered questionnaires about their background, periods, lifestyle, and a standard checklist used to diagnose PMDD.

## What they found

36.28% of the students (41 students) were found to have PMDD. Having painful periods (dysmenorrhea) and drinking caffeinated beverages were both linked to PMDD, with a clear difference seen for each.

## What it means for you

PMDD appears to be fairly common among medical students in this group, and painful periods and caffeine intake seem connected to it. Because this study only looked at one group of students at one point in time, it cannot show whether caffeine or painful periods actually cause PMDD, only that they tend to occur together.

36.28%

Students with PMDD

## About the study

Original title Associated Factors with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Teaching Hospital Authors Sunita Bhandari, Heera Tuladhar Journal Journal of KIST Medical College Year 2024 Study design Survey study What was tested None tested; this was an observational survey, not a treatment study. Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.61122/jkistmc280](https://doi.org/10.61122/jkistmc280)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)

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