--- title: Are prolactin and beta-arrestin1 different in PMDD versus PMS? description: In women with PMDD and depression, beta-arrestin1 protein was reduced and prolactin was increased compared to those with PMS. These two changes were correlate url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/correlation-between-betaarrestin1-and-prolactin-levels-in-women-with-depression-2017/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Are prolactin and beta-arrestin1 different in PMDD versus PMS? Survey study, 2017 # Are prolactin and beta-arrestin1 different in PMDD versus PMS? In women with PMDD and depression, beta-arrestin1 protein was reduced and prolactin was increased compared to those with PMS. These two changes were correlated. This is a tiny study and much more research is needed. Early or limited evidence 25 non-pregnant women aged 18-42 with PMS or PMDD, not on antidepressants ## What they did A cross-sectional study of 25 non-pregnant women aged 18-42 with PMS or PMDD symptoms who were not taking antidepressants, studied during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Blood samples were tested to measure beta-arrestin1 protein levels in blood cells and prolactin hormone levels in blood plasma. ## What they found In women with PMDD and depression, reduction in beta-arrestin1 protein in blood cells was significantly correlated with increased prolactin levels, compared to women with PMS alone. ## What it means for you PMDD may involve different biology than PMS, involving changes in a specific blood protein and prolactin hormone. However, this is an extremely small study of only 25 women looking at a single biomarker. It is not clear what these protein and hormone changes mean for women experiencing symptoms, and much more research is needed before this could be used as a diagnostic test. 25 Non-pregnant women studied 18-42 Age range of participants (years) ## About the study Original title Correlation between beta‐arrestin1 and prolactin levels in women with depression during premenstrual dysphoric disorder Authors Keisha Smith, Anthony E. Archibong, Twum Ampofo Ansah et al. Journal The FASEB Journal Year 2017 Study design Survey study Participants 25 What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1000.7](https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1000.7) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)[SSRIs and antidepressants](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-ssri/)[Pregnancy and postpartum](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-postpartum/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Review, 2015 What do we know about PMS and PMDD and how are they treated? Survey study, 2026 Are PMS and PMDD the same condition or are they different? Randomised trial, 2025 Does escitalopram improve attention and reduce impulsivity in women with premenstrual irritability and anger? Randomised trial, 2024 Does sertraline change brain chemicals in people with PMDD, and does this relate to symptom improvement? Survey study, 2022 Does emotional processing change through the cycle if someone had postpartum depression? Cohort study, 2022 What are PMS and PMDD and how should they be diagnosed and treated? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗