---
title: Does breathing pattern change during the menstrual cycle in women with PMS?
description: Yes. During the luteal phase (the second half of the cycle, before the period), women with PMS had faster breathing and heart rate and lower carbon dioxide le
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/effect-of-end-tidal-carbondioxide-concentration-on-different-phases-of-menstrual-2012/
---

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- Does breathing pattern change during the menstrual cycle in women with PMS?

Study, 2012

# Does breathing pattern change during the menstrual cycle in women with PMS?

Yes. During the luteal phase (the second half of the cycle, before the period), women with PMS had faster breathing and heart rate and lower carbon dioxide levels than during other phases of their cycle.

 Early or limited evidence

50 women aged 26±5 years with normal menstrual cycles and PMS complaints

## What they did

Researchers measured breathing rate, heart rate, and carbon dioxide levels in 50 women (average age 26±5 years) with PMS at three cycle phases: the follicular phase (days 6-7), the luteal phase (days 25-26), and day 2 of menstruation.

## What they found

Respiratory rate and heart rate were significantly increased in the luteal phase compared to the follicular and menstrual phases. End-tidal carbon dioxide was lower in the luteal phase. Faster breathing and low carbon dioxide in the luteal phase might affect nerve function and could explain some PMS symptoms.

## What it means for you

Changes in breathing during the menstrual cycle could be linked to PMS symptoms. Helping women normalize breathing during the luteal phase might help reduce psychological symptoms. The main limitation is there was no comparison group of women without PMS to see if they have the same breathing changes.

50

women with PMS

26±5

average age in years

## About the study

Original title Effect of End Tidal Carbondioxide concentration on different phases of menstrual cycle in subjects suffering with Premenstrual syndrome Authors Chandra Selvi. E Journal IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences Year 2012 Study design Study Participants 50 Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.9790/0853-0142933](https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-0142933)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)

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