--- title: Does foot reflexology reduce PMS symptoms? | Niyora description: Women who received reflexology foot massage had significantly less severe PMS symptoms and experienced less impact on their daily activities compared to those url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/effect-of-foot-reflexology-on-premenstrual-syndrome-among-nursing-students-at-2021/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Does foot reflexology reduce PMS symptoms? Non-randomised trial, 2021 # Does foot reflexology reduce PMS symptoms? Women who received reflexology foot massage had significantly less severe PMS symptoms and experienced less impact on their daily activities compared to those who received placebo massage (p=0.000). Early or limited evidence 100 nursing students (adolescents and women of reproductive age) in Egypt ## What they did A quasi-experimental study with 100 nursing students divided into two groups. The study group received reflexology foot massage while the control group received placebo massage. Researchers measured PMS severity and its impact on daily life before the intervention and after two months. ## What they found The study group showed a statistically significant decrease in total PMS severity (p=0.000) and significantly reduced negative effects on daily activities (p=0.000). The control group showed no significant change (P=0.379). The two groups differed significantly after the intervention (p=0.000). ## What it means for you Reflexology massage may help reduce PMS symptoms and their impact on daily life. However, this study did not randomly assign participants and only included nursing students in one country, so results may not apply to all women. 100 nursing students 2 months duration of intervention p=0.000 significance of symptom improvement ## About the study Original title Effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among nursing students at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University Authors Nemat Ismail Abdel Aziz Ismail, Naglaa Zaki Hassan Roma, Sahar Mansour Lamadah Journal Egyptian Journal of Health Care Year 2021 Study design Non-randomised trial Participants 100 What was tested Foot reflexology massage for two months Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.205485](https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.205485) Original abstract Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health issue among adolescents. It is one of the most frequent conditions affecting women of reproductive age, and it can have a considerable impact on daily activities and can considerably reduce female’s quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among nursing students at Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental research design was carried out. A convenient sample of 100 students was recruited to participate in the study. Two tools of data collection were used: Tool I was socio demographic data and menstrual history structured interview schedule, tool II was a modified version of premenstrual symptoms screening tool for clinicians (PMSST). Results: The study results revealed that the total score of PMS severity was a statistically significant before and after two months of the intervention among the study group, p=0.000. However, the difference was not statistically significant among the control group (P=0.379). There was also statistically significant difference between the study and control groups after two months of the intervention in favor of the former, where (p= 0.000). In addition, the negative effect of PMS on daily life activities significantly decreased among the study group after two months of the intervention p=0.000. Conclusion and recommendations: The study concluded that the female students who received reflexology foot massage exhibited less severity of premenstrual symptoms than those who received placebo foot massage. It is recommended that reflexology foot massage should be advised as a non-pharmacological management to relieve PMS Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Randomised trial, 2026 Does Kundalini Reiki help reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Randomised trial, 2026 Does calcium and vitamin D supplementation reduce PMS symptoms? Randomised trial, 2026 Does aerobic or resistance exercise reduce anxiety in women with PMS? Randomised trial, 2026 Does a warm footbath help PMS symptoms and sleep quality? Randomised trial, 2025 Which is more effective for PMS - Vitagnus, soy, or both together? Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗