--- title: Does being more exposed to American culture raise the risk of PMDD in ethnic minority women? description: Yes, women born in the US, those who immigrated at a young age, and those who had lived longer in the US were more likely to have had PMDD, but this is based url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/exposure-to-american-culture-is-associated-with-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-2011/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Does being more exposed to American culture raise the risk of PMDD in ethnic minority women? Survey study, 2011 # Does being more exposed to American culture raise the risk of PMDD in ethnic minority women? Yes, women born in the US, those who immigrated at a young age, and those who had lived longer in the US were more likely to have had PMDD, but this is based on a one-time survey so cause and effect cannot be proven. Early or limited evidence 3856 premenopausal Asian, Latina, and Black women living in the US. ## What they did Researchers analyzed survey data from 3856 English-speaking, premenopausal Asian, Latina, and Black women in the US, drawn from two national surveys. They compared PMDD rates against measures of acculturation: whether born in the US, age at immigration, and length of time living in the US. ## What they found Lifetime PMDD prevalence was 3.3%. Foreign-born women were less likely to have PMDD than US-born women (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.21-0.68), and immigrants who arrived after age six were less likely than those who arrived before age six (OR=0.33, 95% CI 0.18-0.62). The likelihood of PMDD increased the longer a woman had lived in the US. ## What it means for you More exposure to American culture was linked to a higher chance of PMDD in these women, possibly due to stresses tied to minority life such as discrimination or pressure to assimilate. The PMDD diagnosis was provisional and based on people recalling past symptoms, and because the study only looked at one point in time, it cannot prove that culture causes PMDD. 3.3% Lifetime PMDD prevalence OR=0.38 Odds ratio for foreign-born women OR=0.33 Odds ratio for immigrating after age six ## About the study Original title Exposure to American culture is associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder among ethnic minority women Authors Pilver CE, Kasl S, Desai R et al. Journal Journal of affective disorders Year 2011 Study design Survey study What was tested None, acculturation was studied as an exposure, not a treatment. Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.013](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.013) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Case-control study, 2026 Do women with PMS handle emotions differently at different times of the cycle? Cohort study, 2023 Is PMDD a valid medical diagnosis? Randomised trial, 2000 How should PMDD be diagnosed and treated? Study, 2026 What do women in Lahore know about PMDD and do they seek help for it? Survey study, 2025 Is the Chinese uncertainty anxiety scale reliable for measuring PMS-related anxiety? Study, 2025 Do women with PMDD who experienced childhood trauma have more trouble recognizing emotions? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗