--- title: What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? | Niyora description: 40% experienced PMS. Stress, period pain, use of menstrual delaying medicine, and earlier menarche were significantly linked to higher PMS risk. url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/factors-associated-with-premenstrual-symptoms-a-study-among-graduate-level-2025/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? Survey study, 2025 # What factors are linked to PMS in female graduate students? 40% experienced PMS. Stress, period pain, use of menstrual delaying medicine, and earlier menarche were significantly linked to higher PMS risk. Early or limited evidence 285 female graduate students in Nepal ## What they did Researchers surveyed 285 female graduate students at a Nepali university about their menstrual symptoms, stress levels, and health factors using standardized questionnaires. ## What they found 40% reported PMS. The most common physical symptoms were joint or muscle pain (56.49%), breast tenderness (45.26%), abdominal pain (44.91%), acne flare-ups (40.35%), and fatigue (35.09%). Stress, dysmenorrhea, taking menstrual delaying medicine, and having early menarche were all significantly associated with PMS. ## What it means for you Stress and period pain may be linked to PMS. Menstrual delaying medicines and early menarche may increase risk. This study cannot prove cause and effect, included only one university, and had no control group for comparison. 40% had PMS 56.49% joint or muscle pain (most common) 45.26% breast tenderness ## About the study Original title Factors associated with premenstrual symptoms: a study among graduate-level students of the institute of science and technology, Tribhuvan university Authors Rijal S, Shrestha G Journal BMC women's health Year 2025 Study design Survey study Participants 285 What was tested Observational study (no intervention tested) Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03925-7](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03925-7) ## Topics [Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Pain and headache](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-pain/)[Bloating, breast tenderness and physical symptoms](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-physical-symptoms/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)[Psychotherapy, counselling and education](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-psychotherapy/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2022 Did COVID-19 stress worsen period pain and PMS symptoms in female medical students? Survey study, 1964 How common are mood and physical changes around menstruation? Cohort study, 2025 How common is PMS in Chinese teenage girls, and what factors are linked to it? Survey study, 2025 Do menstrual problems and poor sleep affect mood and thinking in teenage girls? Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD in Russian medical students, and what are its symptoms? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗