--- title: Is PMDD diagnosis associated with more severe depression and anxiety and lower well-being? description: Yes. Women with probable PMDD had significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms and lower well-being compared to those without PMDD, regardless of thei url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/is-even-a-probable-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-diagnosis-associated-with-2023/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Is PMDD diagnosis associated with more severe depression and anxiety and lower well-being? Survey study, 2023 # Is PMDD diagnosis associated with more severe depression and anxiety and lower well-being? Yes. Women with probable PMDD had significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms and lower well-being compared to those without PMDD, regardless of their menstrual cycle phase. Moderate study design 112 adult women in Hungary with regular menstrual cycles, not using hormonal contraceptives ## What they did Cross-sectional online study in Hungary screening 393 women; 112 were included (excluded those with irregular cycles or using hormonal contraceptives). Women completed DSM-5 PMDD screening, depression, anxiety, and well-being questionnaires. ## What they found Of 112 women, 67 had probable PMDD and 45 did not. The PMDD group had significantly higher depression (F=19.394, p less than 0.001) and anxiety (F=17.714, p less than 0.001) and lower well-being (F=4.288, p=0.0442). A statistical model explained 29.2% of the likelihood of PMDD based on anxiety and depression levels. ## What it means for you Women with PMDD have significant mental health struggles beyond just cycle-related symptoms. Early recognition of these symptoms could help identify PMDD. The study was limited to Hungary and only included women with regular cycles not using hormonal birth control. 112 women studied 67 with probable PMDD 29.2% variance in PMDD explained by anxiety and depression ## About the study Original title Is even a probable premenstrual dysphoric disorder diagnosis associated with more severe anxio-depressive symptoms and lower well-being? A preliminary cross-sectional exploratory study Authors Kovács I, Pataki B, Kis B et al. Journal European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists Year 2023 Study design Survey study What was tested None; screening for probable PMDD diagnosis Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1298](https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1298) Original abstract Introduction Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a newly introduced category in the 5th version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and is highly underdiagnosed worldwide, despite its strong connections to anxiodepressive symptom severity and perceived well-being. Objectives Firstly in Hungary, our aim was to: (a)assess whether even a probable PMDD diagnosis is associated with elevated levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and decreased perception of well-being on an adult women sample; (b)to evaluate whether women with a probable PMDD diagnosis report greater fluctuation of their affect during the different phases of their menstrual cycle; (c)to examine whether the elevated levels of anxiodepressive symptoms and lower well-being increase the statistical likelihood of having a probable PMDD diagnosis. Methods An online test battery was designed to examine probable PMDD diagnosis, severity of anxiodepressive symptoms and well-being. 393 adult women were screened for eligibility in the study (exclusion criteria involved: irregular cycle; use of hormonal contraceptives), from which 112 were included in the final analyses. DSM-5-Based Screening Tool for Women’s Perceptions of Premenstrual Symptoms, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index were assessed. Results Based on the DSM-5-Based Screening Tool, the sample was divided into 1)women with probable PMDD diagnosis (PMDD group,n=67) and 2)women without probable PMDD (nonPMDD group,n=45). Menstruation cycles were sorted into menstrual, from-menstruation-to-ovulation, early luteal and late luteal phases. The PMDD group exhibited significantly higher depressive (F(1;56,2)=19.394, p≤0.001) and anxiety (F(1;35,6)=17.714,p≤0.001) symptom severity and lower scores of well-being (F(1;44,3)=4.288,p=0.0442) compared to the nonPMDD group regardless of which menstrual cycle they were in. Binomial logistic regression model was used to test whether higher anxiodepressive symptoms and lower scores of well-being increase the likelihood of having PMDD: the model was significant (χ2(2)=27.287, p≤0.001), and it explained 29.2% of the variance in PMDD. Elevated levels of anxiety (B=0.058, S.E.=0.022, Waldχ2(1)=7.142, p=0.008,OR=1.060) and depressive (B=0.085,S.E.=0.031,Waldχ2(1)=7.480,p=0.006,OR=1.089) symptoms increased significantly the likelihood of having a probable PMDD diagnosis. Conclusions Women with even a probable PMDD diagnosis exhibited significantly elevated levels of anxiodepressive symptoms and lower scores of well-being regardless of which menstrual phase they were assessed in compared to women without meeting the criteria of the PMDD screening tool. These preliminary results underscore the need for prospective clinical studies of differences in affective symptoms exhibited in PMDD. Disclosure of Interest None Declared Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Oral contraceptives and drospirenone](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-hormonal-contraceptives/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Randomised trial, 2017 Does Sepranolone reduce symptoms of severe premenstrual syndrome (PMDD)? Survey study, 2024 Do women with PMDD have more depression and anxiety than those without PMDD? Survey study, 2001 How common is premenstrual dysphoric disorder and how is it related to other psychiatric conditions? Review, 2009 What causes PMDD and what are the treatment options? Study, 2026 What are premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Study, 2026 What treatments work for PMDD? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗