--- title: Are PMS symptoms connected to hormone levels? | Niyora description: High levels of estradiol and LH in the phase after ovulation were linked to more severe PMS symptoms. Symptoms develop after ovulation and disappear within 4 url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/luteal-phase-estradiol-relates-to-symptom-severity-in-patients-with-premenstrual-1998/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Are PMS symptoms connected to hormone levels? Survey study, 1998 # Are PMS symptoms connected to hormone levels? High levels of estradiol and LH in the phase after ovulation were linked to more severe PMS symptoms. Symptoms develop after ovulation and disappear within 4 days of menstruation starting. Early or limited evidence 30 women with PMS ## What they did 30 women with PMS rated their physical and mood symptoms every evening using a standard scale. Researchers took daily blood samples during the phase after ovulation and most of the phase before ovulation to measure estradiol, progesterone, FSH, and LH. ## What they found High concentrations of estradiol and LH during the phase after ovulation were related to more severe negative premenstrual symptoms. The pattern of symptoms during the menstrual cycle was similar between women with high and low hormone levels, but the severity of symptoms differed. ## What it means for you For women with PMS, higher estradiol levels after ovulation may intensify symptoms. This suggests hormones play a role in how severe your symptoms are, though the exact mechanism is unclear. The study is small and the relationship doesn't explain all cases of PMS. 30 women with PMS studied 4 days time for symptoms to disappear after menstruation starts ## About the study Original title Luteal-phase estradiol relates to symptom severity in patients with premenstrual syndrome Authors Seippel L, Bäckström T Journal The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Year 1998 Study design Survey study Participants 30 What was tested Measurement of hormone levels (observational; no treatment tested) Read the paper [doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.6.4899](https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.6.4899) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Systematic review, 2025 Does zinc supplementation help with PMS symptoms? Systematic review, 2025 Does teaching adolescent girls about their menstrual cycle and health help reduce period pain and PMS? Review, 2024 What are the most effective treatments for PMDD? Systematic review, 2024 Do SSRI antidepressants help treat PMS and PMDD? Cohort study, 2023 Are PMS symptoms linked to genetic factors for psychiatric disorders? Cohort study, 2023 Is PMDD a valid medical diagnosis? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗