--- title: Are depression and personality disorders linked to PMDD? | Niyora description: Yes. Women with depression are about 9 times more likely to have PMDD, and avoidant personality disorder is also linked to PMDD (mainly in women over 30). How url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/personality-disorders-and-depressive-symptoms-in-late-luteal-phase-dysphoric-2000/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Are depression and personality disorders linked to PMDD? Interview study, 2000 # Are depression and personality disorders linked to PMDD? Yes. Women with depression are about 9 times more likely to have PMDD, and avoidant personality disorder is also linked to PMDD (mainly in women over 30). However, the study cannot show whether depression causes PMDD, PMDD causes depression, or if both are caused by something else. Moderate study design 43 women with PMDD and 85 women without PMDD ## What they did Researchers evaluated 43 women with PMDD and 85 women without PMDD (controls). All women tracked their symptoms daily during two menstrual cycles. Then they received detailed psychiatric interviews and completed questionnaires about depression, hostility, and personality disorders. ## What they found Women with mild or moderate depression were about 9 times more likely to have PMDD (odds ratio = 9.23, 95% confidence interval 3.98-21.39). This strong link between depression and PMDD was found in both younger and older women. In women over 30, avoidant personality disorder was significantly linked to PMDD (odds ratio = 8.26, p < 0.05). ## What it means for you Depression and PMDD are strongly connected, suggesting they may be related disorders or part of the same spectrum rather than completely separate conditions. However, the study cannot show the direction of causation or whether both are caused by an underlying biological factor. The study focuses only on women already diagnosed with PMDD. 9.23 times more likely to have PMDD if depressed 43 women with PMDD 85 control women without PMDD ## About the study Original title Personality disorders and depressive symptoms in late luteal phase dysphoric disorder Authors De Ronchi D, Muro A, Marziani A et al. Journal Psychotherapy and psychosomatics Year 2000 Study design Interview study Participants 85 What was tested None - interviews and questionnaires with prospective daily symptom tracking Read the paper [doi.org/10.1159/000012363](https://doi.org/10.1159/000012363) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Irritability and anger](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-irritability-anger/)[Borderline personality disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-bpd/)[Anxiety disorders and OCD](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-anxiety-disorders/)[Schizophrenia and psychosis](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-psychosis/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Study, 2026 What are premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Survey study, 2001 How common is premenstrual dysphoric disorder and how is it related to other psychiatric conditions? Study, 2026 Do anxiety and depression get worse before your period if you already have a mental health condition? Cohort study, 2023 Does the menstrual cycle affect how often women have suicidal thoughts? Cohort study, 2020 Are women with PMDD more likely to have generalized anxiety disorder? Cohort study, 2012 How quickly does fluoxetine start working for PMDD symptoms? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗