---
title: Is PTSD linked to a higher risk of PMDD? | Niyora
description: Yes. Women with trauma and PTSD were 8.14 times more likely to have PMDD than women without trauma, and women with trauma but no PTSD were 2.84 times more lik
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-and-trauma-characteristics-are-correlates-of-2011/
---

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- Is PTSD linked to a higher risk of PMDD?

Survey study, 2011

# Is PTSD linked to a higher risk of PMDD?

Yes. Women with trauma and PTSD were 8.14 times more likely to have PMDD than women without trauma, and women with trauma but no PTSD were 2.84 times more likely.

 Early or limited evidence

3,968 women aged 18-40

## What they did

Cross-sectional analysis of data from 3,968 women aged 18-40. Researchers examined whether trauma history and PTSD were independently linked to PMDD.

## What they found

Women with trauma and PTSD had 8.14 times higher odds of PMDD (95% confidence interval 3.56-18.58) compared to women with no trauma. Women with trauma but no PTSD had 2.84 times higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.26-6.42). PTSD remained independently linked to PMDD even after accounting for trauma details. The same pattern appeared for general premenstrual symptoms.

## What it means for you

Women with trauma and especially PTSD have much higher risk of PMDD. Doctors should ask about trauma history when treating PMDD, as treating both conditions may be more complex. This study was cross-sectional, so we cannot prove trauma causes PMDD. The researchers used existing data rather than collecting new information.

8.14

odds ratio for PMDD with trauma and PTSD

2.84

odds ratio for PMDD with trauma but no PTSD

3,968

women studied

## About the study

Original title Posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma characteristics are correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder Authors Pilver CE, Levy BR, Libby DJ et al. Journal Archives of women's mental health Year 2011 Study design Survey study Participants 3,968 What was tested None Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1007/s00737-011-0232-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-011-0232-4)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)[PTSD and trauma](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-ptsd-trauma/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)

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