---
title: Are premenstrual mood symptoms linked to beliefs about smoking?
description: Women with more severe mood-related premenstrual symptoms believed smoking relieves negative mood and quitting causes withdrawal. This association was weaker
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-symptoms-and-smoking-related-expectancies-2016/
---

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- Are premenstrual mood symptoms linked to beliefs about smoking?

Survey study, 2016

# Are premenstrual mood symptoms linked to beliefs about smoking?

Women with more severe mood-related premenstrual symptoms believed smoking relieves negative mood and quitting causes withdrawal. This association was weaker after adjusting for other factors.

 Early or limited evidence

97 daily smokers

## What they did

Cross-sectional study of 97 daily smokers who completed questionnaires about smoking expectations, premenstrual symptoms, mood, and nicotine dependence.

## What they found

Women with mood-related premenstrual symptoms had stronger beliefs that smoking relieves negative mood and that quitting causes withdrawal. After adjusting for other factors, only mood symptoms remained significantly linked to withdrawal expectations. Mood and pain symptoms were associated with beliefs that smoking is pleasurable.

## What it means for you

Women with premenstrual mood symptoms may need extra support when quitting smoking, especially to address concerns about withdrawal. The main limitation is that this shows association, not cause and effect.

97

women smokers studied

## About the study

Original title Premenstrual symptoms and smoking-related expectancies Authors Pang RD, Bello MS, Stone MD et al. Journal Addictive behaviors Year 2016 Study design Survey study What was tested None (observational study) Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.015](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.015)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Pain and headache](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-pain/)[Alcohol, smoking and substance use](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-substance-use/)

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