--- title: Does education level affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are in Mexican women? description: Yes. Women in professional studies reported more severe symptoms than less educated women. Living in a city versus a rural area made much less difference. url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/premenstrual-symptoms-in-mexican-women-with-different-educational-levels-1998/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Does education level affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are in Mexican women? Survey study, 1998 # Does education level affect how severe premenstrual symptoms are in Mexican women? Yes. Women in professional studies reported more severe symptoms than less educated women. Living in a city versus a rural area made much less difference. Early or limited evidence 89 rural and 182 urban Mexican women with varying education levels ## What they did Cross-sectional study of 89 rural Mexican women (no schooling to middle school) and 182 urban Mexican women (elementary school to professional studies). All women filled out a questionnaire about physical and emotional symptoms during both the premenstrual and postmenstrual phases of one menstrual cycle. ## What they found 87% of women reported mild somatic symptoms and 86% reported mild psychological symptoms. Women in professional studies reported more severe symptoms than other groups. Urban women reported more severe psychological symptoms than rural women. When women in professional studies were excluded from the analysis, there were no differences between rural and urban women. ## What it means for you Education level, especially being in professional studies, affects premenstrual symptoms more than location. The study only measured symptoms during one menstrual cycle per woman, so results may not reflect typical patterns. 89 Rural women 182 Urban women 87% Mild somatic symptoms ## About the study Original title Premenstrual symptoms in Mexican women with different educational levels Authors Marván ML, Díaz-Erosa M, Montesinos A Journal The Journal of psychology Year 1998 Study design Survey study Participants 182 What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599284](https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599284) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Randomised trial, 2026 Does Kundalini Reiki help reduce PMS symptoms and improve quality of life? Randomised trial, 2026 Does calcium and vitamin D supplementation reduce PMS symptoms? Randomised trial, 2026 Does aerobic or resistance exercise reduce anxiety in women with PMS? Randomised trial, 2026 Does a warm footbath help PMS symptoms and sleep quality? Randomised trial, 2025 Which is more effective for PMS - Vitagnus, soy, or both together? Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗