--- title: How common is PMS in women in Gujranwala division, Pakistan and what are the risk factors? description: 56% had PMS and 18% had PMDD. Anemia, fatigue, dysmenorrhea, family history of PMS, and where women lived were significant risk factors. Obesity and blood cho url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/prevalence-of-premenstrual-syndrome-in-females-of-gujranwala-division-and-its-2023/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How common is PMS in women in Gujranwala division, Pakistan and what are the risk factors? Survey study, 2023 # How common is PMS in women in Gujranwala division, Pakistan and what are the risk factors? 56% had PMS and 18% had PMDD. Anemia, fatigue, dysmenorrhea, family history of PMS, and where women lived were significant risk factors. Obesity and blood cholesterol were not significantly associated with PMS. Early or limited evidence Female residents of Gujranwala division, Pakistan ## What they did Cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire for PMS and PMDD diagnosis, with measurement of serum cholesterol and hemoglobin levels. ## What they found 56% had PMS and 18% had PMDD. Physical symptoms: abdominal bloating (63.2%), muscle pain (71.73%), lack of energy (85.85%), appetite change (79.15%). Psychological symptoms: irritability (82.32%), anger (74.55%), depression (49%), anxiety (63.2%). By weight status, PMS prevalence was underweight 22.6%, normal weight 50.1%, overweight 15.5%, obese 11.6%. Significant risk factors were anemia, fatigue, dysmenorrhea, family history of PMS, and residential area. Obesity and blood cholesterol level were not significantly associated with PMS. ## What it means for you Anemia is a major risk factor for PMS in this population and should be investigated. Weight and cholesterol are not clearly related to PMS. Main limitation: cross-sectional study with sample size not clearly reported. Results specific to one region of Pakistan. 56% PMS prevalence 18% PMDD prevalence 85.85% reported lack of energy ## About the study Original title Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome In Females of Gujranwala Division And Its Associated Risk Factors Authors Saba Zahid, Ayesha Riaz, Kalsoom Sughra et al. Journal BioSight Year 2023 Study design Survey study What was tested None Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.46568/bios.v4i2-3.102](https://doi.org/10.46568/bios.v4i2-3.102) Original abstract Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by cyclic reoccurrence of distressing somatic and psychological manifestations, during luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Present research work aims to investigate prevalence of PMS in females of Gujranwala division Pakistan and to explore various risk factors associated with this syndrome. Methods: The study included self-administered questionnaire, for diagnosis of PMS and PMDD. Participants were analysed for socio-demographic characteristics and menstrual history, serum cholesterol and haemoglobin levels of patients and control were measured. Results: In the present study, 56% females were screened positive for PMS while Prevalence PMDD was 18%. Most common physical symptoms of PMS were abdominal bloating (63.2%), muscle pain (71.73%), lack of energy (85.85%) and appetite change (79.15%) whereas major distressing psychological were Irritability (82.32%), anger (74.55%), depression (49%) and anxiety (63.2%). Prevalence of PMS was 22.6% in underweight, 50.1% in participants having normal weight, 15.5% in overweight individuals and 11.6% in obese. Anaemia (P = 0.00), fatigue (P = 0.00), dysmenorrhea (P = 0.00), family history of PMS (P = 0.00) and residential area (P = 0.047) were major risk factors for development of different symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Statistically significant association was not confirmed between PMS, obesity and blood cholesterol level. PMS is a common menstrual disorder among reproductive females of Gujranwala division, Pakistan. Findings of the study revealed that anemic females were at risk to develop PMS symptoms. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Irritability and anger](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-irritability-anger/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Cohort study, 2008 How common is PMS in medical students and how much does it affect their quality of life? 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