---
title: How do women's thoughts and coping affect PMDD? | Niyora
description: Through interviews, researchers found that women with PMDD often feel overly responsible for everything and out of control. Their symptoms develop from intera
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/processes-of-appraisal-and-coping-in-the-development-and-maintenance-of-2002/
---

- [Niyora](https://niyora.com/)
- [Research](https://niyora.com/research/)
- [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/)
- How do women's thoughts and coping affect PMDD?

Study, 2002

# How do women's thoughts and coping affect PMDD?

Through interviews, researchers found that women with PMDD often feel overly responsible for everything and out of control. Their symptoms develop from interactions between their feelings, thoughts, relationships, and cultural expectations.

 Early or limited evidence

Women diagnosed with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (exact number not stated in abstract)

## What they did

Researchers interviewed women who met the diagnostic criteria for PMDD about their experiences. They analyzed the interviews to find common themes.

## What they found

Common themes included women feeling split into two versions of themselves, feeling over-responsible for everything, feeling out of control, using various ways to cope, and seeing PMDD as affecting their relationships. The researchers described PMDD as developing from ongoing interactions between internal experiences, thoughts, relationships, and cultural expectations.

## What it means for you

Psychological factors like beliefs about control and responsibility may play a role in PMDD symptoms. However, this is an interview-based study, so it captures how women experience PMDD but does not prove these factors cause it. The findings may only apply to the women interviewed and not all women with PMDD.

## About the study

Original title Processes of appraisal and coping in the development and maintenance of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Authors Jane Maria Ussher Journal Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology Year 2002 Study design Study What was tested Narrative interviews about experiences with PMDD Read the paper [doi.org/10.1002/casp.685](https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.685)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

Case-control study, 2026

Do women with PMS handle emotions differently at different times of the cycle?

Cohort study, 2023

Is PMDD a valid medical diagnosis?

Randomised trial, 2000

How should PMDD be diagnosed and treated?

Study, 2026

What do women in Lahore know about PMDD and do they seek help for it?

Survey study, 2025

Is the Chinese uncertainty anxiety scale reliable for measuring PMS-related anxiety?

Study, 2025

Do women with PMDD who experienced childhood trauma have more trouble recognizing emotions?

Ask AI about this page

Copy prompt

ChatGPT

↗

Claude

↗

Perplexity

↗

Google AI Mode

↗

Grok

↗