---
title: Are mental health conditions linked to the reproductive cycle?
description: Psychiatric disorders like PMS and postpartum depression are linked to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. But research on PMS is still early and many question
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/psychiatric-syndromes-linked-to-reproductive-function-in-women-a-review-of-1989/
---

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- Are mental health conditions linked to the reproductive cycle?

Review, 1989

# Are mental health conditions linked to the reproductive cycle?

Psychiatric disorders like PMS and postpartum depression are linked to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. But research on PMS is still early and many questions remain.

 Strong study design

Women with psychiatric conditions linked to reproductive function (review article)

## What they did

The authors reviewed published research on psychiatric disorders linked to pregnancy, childbirth, and changes in reproductive function throughout women's lives.

## What they found

They identified four syndromes: postpartum depression (which includes three separate types, with the most severe being similar to major depression), PMS, depression after hysterectomy, and involutional melancholia. The rate of depression after hysterectomy is not higher than at other times in life. Research on PMS's causes and treatment is still in early stages.

## What it means for you

Four psychiatric conditions are linked to reproductive cycles. PMS is one of them, but research on how it develops is still early because studies have had methodological problems. The limitation is that this is a review of existing research rather than new findings.

## About the study

Original title Psychiatric syndromes linked to reproductive function in women: a review of current knowledge Authors Gitlin MJ, Pasnau RO Journal The American journal of psychiatry Year 1989 Study design Review What was tested None Read the paper [doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.11.1413](https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.11.1413)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[GnRH agonists and ovarian suppression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-gnrh/)[Surgical menopause](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-surgery/)[Major depressive disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-major-depression/)[Schizophrenia and psychosis](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-psychosis/)[Pregnancy and postpartum](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-postpartum/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

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## Related studies

Review, 2012

Is depression linked to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause?

Non-randomised trial, 2014

Does hormone therapy help women with depression linked to periods and menopause?

Cohort study, 2023

Is PMDD a valid medical diagnosis?

Systematic review, 2021

Are there hormone changes that could explain PMDD or depression in women?

Survey study, 2011

Is premenstrual syndrome related to major depression?

Review, 2004

How should doctors diagnose and treat PMS and PMDD?

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