---
title: Does gender identity type affect premenstrual symptoms and health behaviors?
description: Yes. Different gender identity types had significantly different levels of symptoms and health-promoting behaviors.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/relationships-between-sex-role-identity-health-promoting-behaviors-and-2007/
---

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- Does gender identity type affect premenstrual symptoms and health behaviors?

Survey study, 2007

# Does gender identity type affect premenstrual symptoms and health behaviors?

Yes. Different gender identity types had significantly different levels of symptoms and health-promoting behaviors.

 Early or limited evidence

327 female university students

## What they did

Cross-sectional descriptive study. 327 female university students completed questionnaires about gender identity, health-promoting behaviors, and premenstrual symptoms using three validated measurement tools.

## What they found

Four gender identity types were identified: undifferentiated (33.7%), androgynous (32.7%), masculine (16.8%), and feminine (16.8%). Premenstrual symptoms differed significantly by identity type (F=3.11, p=.027). Health-promoting behaviors differed significantly across types (F=12.74, p=.000). Health behaviors predicted fewer symptoms for all women; stress coping was important for the feminine type; interpersonal relationships were important for the undifferentiated type.

## What it means for you

Gender identity and health behaviors both influence PMS severity, and different approaches may help different groups. This was limited to university students in one country.

327

women studied

4

gender identity types identified

p=.027

significance for symptom differences

## About the study

Original title [Relationships between sex role identity, health promoting behaviors, and premenstrual symptoms among female university students] Authors Kim HW Journal Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi Year 2007 Study design Survey study Participants 327 What was tested None - observational study Read the paper [doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.1003](https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.1003)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

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