---
title: Do people with PMDD have different breathing patterns? | Niyora
description: Yes. PMDD patients showed greater variation in their breathing patterns than women without PMDD.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/respiratory-variability-in-panic-disorder-2001/
---

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- Do people with PMDD have different breathing patterns?

Non-randomised trial, 2001

# Do people with PMDD have different breathing patterns?

Yes. PMDD patients showed greater variation in their breathing patterns than women without PMDD.

 Early or limited evidence

Patients with panic disorder, depression, PMDD, and normal controls

## What they did

Comparison study of four groups: patients with panic disorder, depression, PMDD, and normal controls. All participants breathed air containing 5% and 7% carbon dioxide while their breathing was measured.

## What they found

PMDD patients had greater baseline respiratory variability (less stable breathing patterns) than normal controls and those with major depression. In panic disorder patients who received anti-panic treatment over 12 weeks, the baseline respiratory variability did not significantly change.

## What it means for you

PMDD may be associated with different breathing patterns. Whether this affects symptoms is unclear. The study did not state how many people were in the PMDD group, and the research focused mainly on panic disorder, not PMDD.

5% and 7%

carbon dioxide levels inhaled

12 weeks

treatment and follow-up duration

## About the study

Original title Respiratory variability in panic disorder Authors Martinez JM, Kent JM, Coplan JD et al. Journal Depression and anxiety Year 2001 Study design Non-randomised trial What was tested Anti-panic medication or cognitive behavioral therapy Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1002/da.1072](https://doi.org/10.1002/da.1072)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)[SSRIs and antidepressants](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-ssri/)[Cognitive behavioral therapy](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-cbt/)[Major depressive disorder](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-major-depression/)[Anxiety disorders and OCD](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-anxiety-disorders/)

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Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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