---
title: Are women with PMDD more sensitive to anxiety and panic from CCK-4 injection?
description: Yes, women with PMDD showed a greater anxiety and panic response to CCK-4 than normal women, suggesting the CCK system may be involved in PMDD. The results ar
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/sensitivity-to-cck-4-in-women-with-and-without-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-1999/
---

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- Are women with PMDD more sensitive to anxiety and panic from CCK-4 injection?

Randomised trial, 1999

# Are women with PMDD more sensitive to anxiety and panic from CCK-4 injection?

Yes, women with PMDD showed a greater anxiety and panic response to CCK-4 than normal women, suggesting the CCK system may be involved in PMDD. The results are preliminary and specific outcome numbers were not reported.

 Early or limited evidence

18 women with PMDD and 21 normal women

## What they did

A randomized trial where 18 women with PMDD and 21 normal women received CCK-4 injections. Some received injections in the follicular phase first then luteal phase, others vice versa. Anxiety and panic responses were measured.

## What they found

Women with PMDD had stronger anxiety and panic responses to CCK-4 injection than normal women.

## What it means for you

The CCK-B chemical system may play a role in PMDD. This is a very small preliminary study with no specific outcome numbers reported, and results were not quantified in enough detail to assess clinical significance.

18

Women with PMDD in study

21

Normal control women in study

2

Menstrual cycle phases tested

## About the study

Original title Sensitivity to CCK-4 in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) during their follicular and luteal phases Authors Le Mellédo JM, Merani S, Koszycki D et al. Journal Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Year 1999 Study design Randomised trial Participants 18 What was tested CCK-4 injection during different menstrual cycle phases Read the paper [doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00057-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00057-8)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)

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