--- title: How do family, school, health, and relationships affect how teenage girls feel about themselves? description: Menstrual cycle phase, menstrual problems, family situation, and school type did not affect girls' self-esteem or depression. However, having a romantic partn url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/socio-economical-status-state-of-health-menstrual-cycle-sexual-relation-how-they-2002/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How do family, school, health, and relationships affect how teenage girls feel about themselves? Survey study, 2002 # How do family, school, health, and relationships affect how teenage girls feel about themselves? Menstrual cycle phase, menstrual problems, family situation, and school type did not affect girls' self-esteem or depression. However, having a romantic partner markedly increased girls' self-evaluation. Early or limited evidence 1371 girls in Warsaw with mean age 16 years. ## What they did Researchers surveyed 1371 girls in Warsaw with a mean age of 16 years about their home and school environment, health, menstrual cycle, sexual relationships, and family planning knowledge. They also measured the girls' self-esteem and depression. ## What they found About 70.9 percent of girls had regular menstrual cycles. About 65.6 percent had menstrual pain two years after their first period. Eighteen percent reported starting sexual intercourse by age 18. The mean age of first period was about 12.8 years. Family relationships, parental divorce, parental death, school type, menstrual cycle phase, and hormonal contraception did not affect self-evaluation or depression. Having a romantic partner markedly increased self-esteem. ## What it means for you Having a romantic partner was linked to better self-esteem. Menstrual problems, family situation, and school did not affect mental health. This suggests peer relationships matter more than menstrual symptoms for this age group. The main limitation: this study only included girls in Warsaw, Poland. All factors measured at one time, so cause and effect cannot be determined. 70.9 percent with regular menstrual cycles 65.6 percent with menstrual pain 12.8 mean age of first period in years ## About the study Original title [Socio-economical status, state of health, menstrual cycle, sexual relation--how they influence girls' self-evaluation in surrounding conditions?] Authors Zabielska R, Tylka J Journal Przeglad lekarski Year 2002 Study design Survey study Participants 1,371 What was tested None - observational survey. Read the paper [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12152256/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12152256/) ## Topics [Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Oral contraceptives and drospirenone](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-hormonal-contraceptives/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/)[Economic burden](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-economic-burden/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Cohort study, 2006 How should severe period pain in teenagers be treated? Survey study, 1989 What premenstrual symptoms do adolescent girls experience? Systematic review, 2025 Does teaching adolescent girls about their menstrual cycle and health help reduce period pain and PMS? Systematic review, 2020 How common is PMS among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia? Randomised trial, 2004 Which low-dose birth control pill has better cycle control and fewer side effects? Survey study, 2026 Do young women with PMS search online for health information more and develop health anxiety from it? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗