---
title: What is the menstrual cycle and how do menstrual disorders affect women?
description: The menstrual cycle has four phases with complex hormonal and physical changes. Several disorders including PMS and PMDD significantly impact quality of life.
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/starting-from-physiology-to-pathology-a-complete-review-of-the-menstrual-cycle-2025/
---

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- What is the menstrual cycle and how do menstrual disorders affect women?

Review, 2025

# What is the menstrual cycle and how do menstrual disorders affect women?

The menstrual cycle has four phases with complex hormonal and physical changes. Several disorders including PMS and PMDD significantly impact quality of life. New tracking apps and wearable devices can help monitor cycles and health.

 Early or limited evidence

General review of menstrual cycle physiology and disorders

## What they did

A narrative review of the menstrual cycle's four phases, monitoring technologies, and menstrual-related disorders.

## What they found

The menstrual cycle comprises four phases (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal) with interconnected hormonal, physiological, and structural changes. Disorders including dysmenorrhea, PMS, PMDD, PCOS, and amenorrhea significantly impact women's quality of life. New technologies including menstrual tracking applications and wearable biosensors help monitor cycle patterns, fertility windows, and related health parameters.

## What it means for you

Understanding the menstrual cycle is important for recognizing health problems. Early detection and effective management of menstrual disorders can improve quality of life. This broad review does not provide specific research data on treatment outcomes.

4

Phases of the menstrual cycle

5

Main menstrual disorders discussed

## About the study

Original title Starting from physiology to pathology: A complete review of the menstrual cycle and its management Authors Kajol V Sawant, Vinod B Sapatale, Uday M Todkar et al. Journal International Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Year 2025 Study design Review What was tested None (narrative review) Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.33545/26647206.2025.v7.i1a.26](https://doi.org/10.33545/26647206.2025.v7.i1a.26)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Apps and digital interventions](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-digital-health/)[Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-pcos/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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