--- title: Are vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium linked to PMS? | Niyora description: Lower calcium and magnesium levels were linked to having PMS. Vitamin D was also low in both groups, and more than one-third of women with PMS were deficient url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-association-between-the-risk-of-premenstrual-syndrome-and-vitamin-d-calcium-2015/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Are vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium linked to PMS? Case-control study, 2015 # Are vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium linked to PMS? Lower calcium and magnesium levels were linked to having PMS. Vitamin D was also low in both groups, and more than one-third of women with PMS were deficient in magnesium. Early or limited evidence 62 university students aged 20-25 in Abadan, Iran (31 with PMS, 31 without) ## What they did Case-control study with 62 university students aged 20-25 in Abadan, Iran (31 with PMS, 31 without). They measured blood levels of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, and recorded dietary intake. ## What they found Vitamin D serum levels were below normal in both the PMS group and the control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found among the study participants. Odds ratio for PMS with low serum calcium: 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.89). Odds ratio for PMS with low serum magnesium: 0.86 (95% CI 0.72-0.93). More than one-third of the PMS group had magnesium deficiency. Calcium and magnesium dietary intake were below recommendations in all participants. ## What it means for you Lower calcium and magnesium levels are linked to PMS. Both groups had low vitamin D. This small study of university students in one Iranian city may not apply to other groups. Being observational, it cannot prove low minerals cause PMS. 0.81 (0.67-0.89) Odds ratio for PMS with low calcium (95% CI) 0.86 (0.72-0.93) Odds ratio for PMS with low magnesium (95% CI) >1/3 Proportion of PMS cases with magnesium deficiency ## About the study Original title The Association between the Risk of Premenstrual Syndrome and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Status among University Students: A Case Control Study Authors Saeedian Kia A, Amani R, Cheraghian B Journal Health promotion perspectives Year 2015 Study design Case-control study Participants 855 What was tested None—observational study comparing mineral levels between groups Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2015.027](https://doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2015.027) Original abstract Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of major health problems in childbearing age women. Herein, we compared the nutritional status of vitamin D, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in young students affected by PMS with those of normal participants. Methods: This study was conducted on 62 students aged 20‒25 yr in the city of Abadan (31 PMS cases and 31 controls). All participants completed four or more criteria according to the Utah PMS Calendar 3. Age, height, body mass index (BMI), serum Ca, Mg and vitamin D levels and a 24-hour food recall questionnaire were recorded. Results: Vitamin D serum levels were lower than the normal range in the two groups. The odds ratios (CI 95%) of having PMS based on serum Ca and Mg concentrations were 0.81(0.67 - 0.89) and 0.86 (0.72 - 0.93), respectively. Based on serum levels, 855 of all participants showed vitamin D deficiency and more than one-third of the PMS cases were Mg deficient (P<0.05). In addition, there were signifi-cant differences in dietary intake of Ca and Mg, and potassium but not vitamin D in the two groups. Dietary intakes of Ca and Mg were quite below the recommendation in all participants. Conclusion: Vitamin D, Ca and Mg nutritional status are compromised in PMS subjects. Because PMS is a prevalent health problem among young women, it merits more attention regarding improvement of their health and nutritional status. Reproduced under CC-BY. ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Cognition, concentration and memory](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-cognition/)[Diet and nutrition](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-diet/)[Calcium](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-calcium/)[Magnesium](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-magnesium/)[Vitamin D](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-vitamin-d/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Study, 2025 Could taking a combination of vitamins and minerals help with PMS and PMDD symptoms? Systematic review, 2025 Do nutritional interventions help with emotional symptoms of PMS? Review, 2026 Can diet and nutrition help reduce PMS symptoms? Review, 2023 Can diet and vitamins help reduce PMS symptoms? Survey study, 2019 Do women with PMS have different nutrient levels than healthy women? Study, 1998 Does diet and supplements help PMS? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗