---
title: What are the reproductive-related mood disorders and how are they connected?
description: Mood and anxiety disorders are more common in women around menstruation, after childbirth, and during perimenopause. They all appear linked to changes in ovar
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-clinical-nature-and-formal-diagnosis-of-premenstrual-postpartum-and-2002/
---

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- What are the reproductive-related mood disorders and how are they connected?

Review, 2002

# What are the reproductive-related mood disorders and how are they connected?

Mood and anxiety disorders are more common in women around menstruation, after childbirth, and during perimenopause. They all appear linked to changes in ovarian hormones.

 Moderate study design

Review of reproductive-related affective disorders

## What they did

Review article discussing the diagnosis, symptoms, and causes of premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal affective disorders.

## What they found

Mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in reproductive-aged women and linked to hormonal and reproductive events. Premenstrual affective disorders include PMS, PMDD, and premenstrual exacerbation of existing mood or anxiety disorders. Postpartum disorders range from postpartum blues to postpartum depression with or without psychosis, plus anxiety disorders including panic, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Perimenopausal women have increased vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders. All share risk factors and are linked to exposure to the rise and fall of ovarian sex steroids.

## What it means for you

If you are experiencing mood changes around your period, after having a baby, or approaching menopause, these are recognized medical conditions. Understanding the hormonal connection may help with diagnosis and treatment. This is a review synthesizing existing knowledge about these conditions.

## About the study

Original title The clinical nature and formal diagnosis of premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal affective disorders Authors Rapkin AJ, Mikacich JA, Moatakef-Imani B et al. Journal Current psychiatry reports Year 2002 Study design Review What was tested None - review of understanding and diagnosis Read the paper [doi.org/10.1007/s11920-002-0069-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-002-0069-7)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Premenstrual exacerbation (PME)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pme/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Anxiety and tension](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-anxiety/)[SSRIs and antidepressants](https://niyora.com/research/topics/treatment-ssri/)[Anxiety disorders and OCD](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-anxiety-disorders/)[Schizophrenia and psychosis](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-psychosis/)[Perimenopause and menopause](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-perimenopause/)[Pregnancy and postpartum](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-postpartum/)[Work and productivity](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-work/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

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