--- title: How common are PMS and PMDD in high school girls, and what factors increase risk? description: About 1 in 3 high school girls have moderate-severe PMS and 1 in 8 have PMDD. Dysmenorrhea, poor general health, family history of PMS, and excess salt intake url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-prevalence-of-moderate-severe-premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-2023/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - How common are PMS and PMDD in high school girls, and what factors increase risk? Survey study, 2023 # How common are PMS and PMDD in high school girls, and what factors increase risk? About 1 in 3 high school girls have moderate-severe PMS and 1 in 8 have PMDD. Dysmenorrhea, poor general health, family history of PMS, and excess salt intake increase risk. Moderate study design 900 high school students in Sari, Iran ## What they did Cross-sectional survey of 900 high school students in Iran in 2019 using standardized questionnaires to assess PMS, PMDD, and general health status and identify associated risk factors. ## What they found 33.9% of students had moderate-severe PMS and 12.3% had PMDD. Dysmenorrhea was linked to higher rates of moderate-severe PMS (adjusted odds ratio 2.356) and PMDD (adjusted odds ratio 1.924). Optimal general health was linked to lower rates of PMS (odds ratio 0.326) and PMDD (odds ratio 0.309). Family history of PMS and eating excess salt were also associated with higher PMDD. ## What it means for you PMS is common in high school girls. Good general health appears protective, and dysmenorrhea increases risk. The findings suggest better overall health and dietary habits might reduce PMS. However, this is one cross-sectional study from Iran, so the findings may not apply to all populations. 33.9% had moderate-severe PMS 12.3% had PMDD 2.356 odds ratio for dysmenorrhea and PMS ## About the study Original title The prevalence of moderate-severe premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder and the related factors in high school students: A cross-sectional study Authors Babapour F, Elyasi F, Shahhosseini Z et al. Journal Neuropsychopharmacology reports Year 2023 Study design Survey study Participants 900 What was tested Observational Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12338](https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12338) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Dysmenorrhea and period pain](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-dysmenorrhea/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Quality of life and daily functioning](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-quality-of-life/)[Students and academic performance](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-education/)[Adolescents and young people](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-adolescents/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Systematic review, 2025 How common are PMS, PMDD, and painful periods in nursing students, and do they affect their schooling? Lab study, 2026 Do core stability exercises help women with PMDD? Survey study, 2026 How common is PMDD among college women and what increases the risk? Review, 2026 How much do PMS and menstrual disorders affect women's work, school, and quality of life? Survey study, 2024 How common are PMS and PMDD in young Turkish women and what factors are linked to them? Survey study, 2023 How common are PMS, PMDD, anxiety, and depression in rural adolescent girls? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗