--- title: Does trait anger explain why trauma and stress lead to premenstrual disorder symptoms? description: Trait anger appears to be the key factor linking trauma and stress to premenstrual disorder symptoms. Anger affects the actual symptoms themselves, while rumi url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/the-role-of-trait-anger-rumination-and-locus-of-control-in-the-relationship-2025/ --- - [Niyora](https://niyora.com/) - [Research](https://niyora.com/research/) - [Library](https://niyora.com/research/library/) - Does trait anger explain why trauma and stress lead to premenstrual disorder symptoms? Cohort study, 2025 # Does trait anger explain why trauma and stress lead to premenstrual disorder symptoms? Trait anger appears to be the key factor linking trauma and stress to premenstrual disorder symptoms. Anger affects the actual symptoms themselves, while rumination and sense of control only affect how women perceive the severity of their symptoms. Early or limited evidence 339 women aged 18-47 in retrospective analysis; 76 women aged 18-44 in prospective analysis. ## What they did Two-part study with 339 women aged 18-47 answering questions retrospectively about their symptoms and 76 women aged 18-44 tracked prospectively over time. Researchers measured trauma exposure, current stress, trait anger, rumination, and locus of control. They tested whether anger, rumination, or locus of control explained the connection between trauma or stress and premenstrual symptoms. ## What they found Trait anger mediated the relationship between stress and retrospectively measured premenstrual symptoms. Trait anger also mediated the relationship between trauma and both retrospectively recalled and prospectively measured premenstrual symptoms. In contrast, locus of control and rumination were primarily related to how severely women perceived their symptoms, not the actual symptoms themselves. ## What it means for you Anger management might help treat premenstrual disorders in women with trauma or high stress. This is based on a small sample and self-reported data. Main limitation: prospective sample was only 76 women, all measured through questionnaires. 339 Women in retrospective analysis 76 Women in prospective analysis 0.35 Trait anger indirect effect (trauma/prospective) ## About the study Original title The role of trait anger, rumination, and locus of control in the relationship between trauma, stress, and premenstrual disorders Authors Antosz-Rekucka R, Prochwicz K Journal Scientific reports Year 2025 Study design Cohort study Participants 339 Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11146-z](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11146-z) ## Topics [Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Irritability and anger](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-irritability-anger/)[Stress](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-stress/)[PTSD and trauma](https://niyora.com/research/topics/comorbidity-ptsd-trauma/)[Relationships and partners](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-relationships/) Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits. Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor. ## Related studies Survey study, 2026 Do trauma and stress worsen PMS symptoms, and does how you think about events matter? Systematic review, 2025 Is there a link between stress, trauma, and premenstrual symptoms? Cohort study, 2025 Do pain sensitivity and negative thinking explain how trauma and stress cause PMS or PMDD? Survey study, 2025 What psychological and personal factors predict which university students will develop premenstrual syndrome? Survey study, 2026 Do mindfulness, self-compassion and sense of coherence protect against severe PMS and PMDD? Review, 2025 How do trauma and sensory processing affect PMDD symptoms? Ask AI about this page Copy prompt ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗ Perplexity ↗ Google AI Mode ↗ Grok ↗