---
title: What causes PMS and PMDD? | Niyora
description: PMS and PMDD involve hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone), but they also depend on how women think, feel, and experience their social world. Understan
url: https://niyora.com/research/papers/understanding-pms-and-pmdd-the-role-of-body-mind-and-society-2025/
---

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- What causes PMS and PMDD?

Interview study, 2025

# What causes PMS and PMDD?

PMS and PMDD involve hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone), but they also depend on how women think, feel, and experience their social world. Understanding all three together gives a fuller picture than focusing only on hormones.

 Early or limited evidence

A review of published research (not a study of women with PMS or PMDD).

## What they did

Reviewed and summarized research on PMS and PMDD from multiple studies using a framework that considers biological, psychological, and social factors together.

## What they found

The main biological cause is the rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone during the cycle. However, how women think, their emotional state, stress, relationships, and social pressures also shape whether and how much someone experiences PMS or PMDD symptoms. Recent research supports looking at all three factors together, not just hormones alone.

## What it means for you

PMS and PMDD are complex. Treatments and support might work better if doctors and support systems look at hormones, mental health, stress, relationships, and social pressures together rather than focusing only on biology. This review did not test any treatments, so it cannot say which approaches work best.

## About the study

Original title Understanding PMS and PMDD: The Role of Body, Mind, and Society Authors Shivani Yadav Journal International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology Year 2025 Study design Interview study What was tested None - a review of existing knowledge. Open access Yes Read the paper [doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70753](https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70753)

## Topics

[Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pms/)[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-pmdd/)[Menstrual cycle and mood](https://niyora.com/research/topics/condition-cycle-mood/)[Low mood and depression](https://niyora.com/research/topics/symptom-depression-mood/)[Stigma, attitudes and culture](https://niyora.com/research/topics/life-area-stigma-culture/)

Research tells you what helps on average. Niyora helps on the day it hits.

Calm down, see it another way, and decide what to say, with a PMS and PMDD app built by a doctor.

## Related studies

Case-control study, 2026

Do women with PMS handle emotions differently at different times of the cycle?

Survey study, 2023

Is PMDD diagnosis associated with more severe depression and anxiety and lower well-being?

Case-control study, 2019

Does the menstrual cycle affect how women's brains process emotions?

Case-control study, 2010

Do women with PMDD crave high-sugar and high-fat foods more than other women?

Survey study, 2026

Does self-injury or difficult childhood experiences increase PMDD risk in adolescents?

Survey study, 2025

How common are PMS and PMDD among female university students?

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