Case-control study, 2019
Do negative thinking patterns increase the risk of PMS or PMDD?
Yes. Women with PMS and PMDD have more negative thinking patterns and process information differently than other women, especially during the luteal phase.
What they did
Case-control study with 293 women with regular cycles. Researchers exposed women to failure during either the follicular or luteal phase and measured their thinking patterns, cognitive style, and mood response. They assessed depression and PMS/PMDD status.
What they found
Women with PMS/PMDD differed from controls in thinking patterns, how they described themselves, and information processing. During the luteal phase, women with PMS/PMDD who were not on birth control showed considerably greater sadness and irritation after experiencing failure. Biased information processing occurred only in the luteal phase and only in women with PMDD.
What it means for you
Negative thinking patterns may contribute to the development of PMS and PMDD. PMDD shares cognitive patterns with major depression. Birth control use may modify these patterns. This was a cross-sectional study without long-term follow-up, so we cannot prove whether thinking patterns cause PMS/PMDD or result from it.
293
Women with regular cycles
About the study
- Original title
- Negative cognitive styles as risk factors for the occurrence of PMS and PMDD
- Authors
- Śliwerski A, Bielawska-Batorowicz E
- Journal
- Journal of reproductive and infant psychology
- Year
- 2019
- Study design
- Case-control study
- Participants
- 293
- What was tested
- Experimental exposure to failure during follicular or luteal phase
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1543943
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