Case-control study, 1989
Are women with PMS different from other women in their urine chemistry?
Yes, tests found different levels of certain chemicals in women with PMS compared to healthy women. Because this was a very small study of only 17 women, the findings are preliminary.
What they did
Researchers collected urine samples from 17 women with PMS and 18 healthy women at two points in their menstrual cycle (days 11 and 25) and analyzed the chemical content.
What they found
Women with PMS had different levels of chemicals related to estrogen and other compounds in their urine compared to controls. These chemical differences were linked to which day of the cycle the sample was taken.
What it means for you
The study suggests that chemical imbalances in the body may be involved in PMS. However, because only 17 women with PMS were studied, we cannot be sure if this finding applies to all women with PMS.
17
women with PMS
18
control women
2
cycle phases sampled
About the study
- Original title
- Direct chemical ionization-mass spectrometric profiling of urine in premenstrual syndrome
- Authors
- Tas AC, van den Berg H, Odink J et al.
- Journal
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
- Year
- 1989
- Study design
- Case-control study
- Participants
- 18
- What was tested
- none
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(89)80127-x