Survey study, 2026
How common is PMS and PMDD in Pakistan and how do they relate to mental health?
PMS was found in 36.2% and PMDD in 8.5%. Both were linked to higher stress and depression, and worse quality of life.
What they did
Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 221 female university students aged 18-30 in Pakistan between October 2024 and July 2025 using standard questionnaires for PMS, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life.
What they found
PMS prevalence was 36.2% and PMDD was 8.5%. Those with PMS had higher stress scores (β=4.741) and depression scores (β=9.380) and worse quality of life across all eight domains. PMDD was linked to depression (β=7.226) and greater limitations due to emotional problems (β=-29.542).
What it means for you
Both PMS and PMDD are connected to depression and stress in these students. Results are from one country and may not apply elsewhere. The study shows connection but cannot prove one causes the other.
36.2%
PMS prevalence
8.5%
PMDD prevalence
221
participants
About the study
- Original title
- Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Premenstrual Syndrome among University Students in Pakistan
- Authors
- Rafique S, Rafique F, Siddique S et al.
- Journal
- Authorea Preprints
- Year
- 2026
- Study design
- Survey study
- Participants
- 221
- What was tested
- None
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.22541/au.177003203.39999729/v1
Topics
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