Survey study, 2011
Is premenstrual syndrome related to major depression?
Yes. Women with moderate to severe PMS are significantly more likely to have depression (11.3% to 24.6% depending on PMS severity). Women with both conditions are more severely impaired than those with either alone.
What they did
Cross-sectional analysis of 3518 Swiss women of reproductive age from the 2007 Swiss Health Survey. Researchers examined the relationship between moderate to severe PMS and major depression using logistic regression.
What they found
Among women with moderate PMS, 11.3% had major depression. Among women with severe PMS, 24.6% had major depression. Women with both PMS and depression reported higher psychological distress, lower sense of mastery, and lower self-rated health. Work dissatisfaction increased PMS risk, while moderate to severe alcohol use was associated with lower PMS risk.
What it means for you
PMS and depression often occur together but are separate conditions. Women with both are significantly more impaired than those with either condition alone. The limitation is this is observational data from Switzerland, so cause-and-effect cannot be determined from this study.
11.3%
Prevalence of depression in moderate PMS group
24.6%
Prevalence of depression in severe PMS group
3518
Number of women in study
About the study
- Original title
- The interrelation between premenstrual syndrome and major depression: results from a population-based sample
- Authors
- Forrester-Knauss C, Zemp Stutz E, Weiss C et al.
- Journal
- BMC public health
- Year
- 2011
- Study design
- Survey study
- Participants
- 3,518
- What was tested
- None (observational)
- Open access
- Yes
- Read the paper
- doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-795
Original abstract
Background: Research about the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and major depression is limited. This study examined the relationship between moderate to severe PMS and major depression in a population-based sample of women of reproductive age. The objectives of the study were to assess the association between premenstrual syndrome and major depression, to analyse how PMS and major depression differ and to characterise the group of women who report both PMS and major depression. Methods: Data were obtained from the Swiss Health Survey 2007. Included in the analysis was data from women under the age of 55 without hysterectomy and who answered the questions on PMS symptoms. The population-based sample consisted of 3518 women. Weighted prevalence rates were calculated and relative risk ratios for PMS, major depression and women who reported both PMS and major depression, were calculated with logistic multinominal logit regression. Results: The prevalence of major depression was 11.3% in women screening positive for moderate PMS and 24.6% in women screening positive for severe PMS. Compared to women without any of these conditions, women who reported moderate to severe alcohol consumption had a lower risk for PMS. Women reporting use of antidepressants, and use of oral contraceptives had a higher risk for major depression compared to women without any of these conditions. Women reporting work dissatisfaction had a higher risk for PMS. A higher relative risk to report both PMS and major depression compared to women without PMS or major depression was related to factors such as high psychological distress, low mastery, psychotropic drug consumption, and low self-rated health. Conclusions: The results suggested that women who suffer from both PMS and major depression are more impaired compared to women with only one disorder. The results further indicated that PMS and major depression are different disorders that can, however, co-occur.
Reproduced under CC-BY.
Topics
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